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CRC diagnosed in two or more first-degree or second-degree relatives with Lynch syndrome-associated tumors, regardless of age. [5] The Revised Bethesda Guidelines have been reported as being more sensitive than the Amsterdam II Criteria in detecting individuals and families at risk of Lynch syndrome. [6]
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a hereditary predisposition to colon cancer.. HNPCC includes (and was once synonymous with) [1] Lynch syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is associated with a high risk of colon cancer, endometrial cancer (second most common), ovary, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, upper urinary tract, brain, and skin. [2]
MUTYH-associated polyposis (also known as MYH-associated polyposis) is an autosomal recessive polyposis syndrome. [1] The disorder is caused by mutations in both alleles (genetic copies) of the DNA repair gene, MUTYH. The MUTYH gene encodes a base excision repair protein, which corrects oxidative damage to DNA.
Muir–Torre syndrome is a rare hereditary, autosomal dominant cancer syndrome [1]: 663 that is thought to be a subtype of HNPCC (Lynch syndrome). Individuals are prone to develop cancers of the colon, genitourinary tract, and skin lesions, such as keratoacanthomas and sebaceous tumors .
Under the name constitutional mismatch repair-deficiency (CMMR-D), it has been mapped to MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2. [2] Monoallelic mutations of these genes are observed in the condition known as Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, while biallelic mutations are observed in CMMR-D. [3] People expressing the HNPCC (which itself is considered autosomal dominant) trait are ...
Longer-term effects of COVID-19 have become a prevalent aspect of the disease itself. These symptoms can be referred to by many names including post-COVID-19 syndrome, long COVID, and long haulers syndrome. An overall definition of post-COVID conditions (PCC) can be described as a range of symptoms that can last for weeks or months. [83]
Syndromic surveillance is the analysis of medical data to detect or anticipate disease outbreaks. According to a CDC definition, "the term 'syndromic surveillance' applies to surveillance using health-related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response.
COVID-19 surveillance involves monitoring the spread of the coronavirus disease in order to establish the patterns of disease progression. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends active surveillance , with focus of case finding, testing and contact tracing in all transmission scenarios. [ 1 ]