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Semigallia was a strategic territory for the Livonian Order. Lithuanians passed through Semigallia to raid settlements in Livonia, and they took advantage of the winter ice pack in the Gulf of Riga to reach Oesel Island. Also, this territory kept the Livonian Branch of the Teutonic Order separated from the Prussian Branch. [3]
Livonia, [a] known in earlier records as Livland, [1] [b] is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived ...
The Livonian Order's defeat in the battle brought it closer to its neighbors in Livonia. The Livonian Confederation agreement was signed on December 4, 1435, by the Livonian Order, Livonian Bishops, vassals and city representatives. [11] The Order lost its crusading character and became a confederate state. [1]
The Swedish expedition to Livonia was a Swedish military offensive and war [1] directed towards the land controlled by John III in the Baltic in 1562. Despite it being mainly against John III, the Swedes also captured fortresses under the Polish–Lithuanian union. The Swedes also managed to occupy a majority of northern Livonia. [2]
Livonia (/ l ə ˈ v oʊ n j ə / lə-VOHN-yə) is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. [4] A western suburb of Detroit, Livonia is located roughly 20 miles (32.2 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 95,535. [5]
The official starting point for the Northern Crusades was Pope Celestine III's call in 1195, [6] but the Catholic kingdoms of Scandinavia, Poland and the Holy Roman Empire had begun moving to subjugate their pagan neighbors even earlier (see Christianization of Pomerania). [7]
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The last remnant of this once vibrant nation was made up of several families living along the river Salaca (Livonian: Salatsi), but in the second half of the 19th century, the Livonian language and culture completely disappeared from the region known to this day as Livonia; the last known speaker of the eastern Livonian dialect died in 1864 ...