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  2. Lewis acids and bases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_acids_and_bases

    The ECW model is a quantitative model that describes and predicts the strength of Lewis acid base interactions, −ΔH. The model assigned E and C parameters to many Lewis acids and bases. Each acid is characterized by an E A and a C A. Each base is likewise characterized by its own E B and C B. The E and C parameters refer, respectively, to ...

  3. Benzene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

    Sulfonation of benzene involves the use of oleum, a mixture of sulfuric acid with sulfur trioxide. Sulfonated benzene derivatives are useful detergents . In nitration , benzene reacts with nitronium ions (NO 2 + ), which is a strong electrophile produced by combining sulfuric and nitric acids.

  4. Benzoic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoic_acid

    Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation. Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic ...

  5. Acid–base reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_reaction

    In chemistry, an acidbase reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acidbase theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acidbase theory.

  6. Ligand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand

    In general, ligands are viewed as electron donors and the metals as electron acceptors, i.e., respectively, Lewis bases and Lewis acids. This description has been semi-quantified in many ways, e.g. ECW model. Bonding is often described using the formalisms of molecular orbital theory. [6] [7]

  7. HSAB theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSAB_theory

    The ECW model is quantitative model that describes and predicts the strength of Lewis acid base interactions, -ΔH . The model assigned E and C parameters to many Lewis acids and bases. Each acid is characterized by an E A and a C A. Each base is likewise characterized by its own E B and C B. The E and C parameters refer, respectively, to the ...

  8. Phenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol

    Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 OH. [5] It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile . The molecule consists of a phenyl group ( −C 6 H 5 ) bonded to a hydroxy group ( −OH ).

  9. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    A simple Lewis model also does not account for the phenomenon of aromaticity. For instance, Lewis structures do not offer an explanation for why cyclic C 6 H 6 (benzene) experiences special stabilization beyond normal delocalization effects, while C 4 H 4 (cyclobutadiene) actually experiences a special destabilization.