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The stocks, pillory, and pranger each consist of large wooden boards with hinges; however, the stocks are distinguished by their restraint of the feet. The stocks consist of placing boards around the ankles and wrists, whereas with the pillory, the boards are fixed to a pole and placed around the arms and neck, forcing the punished to stand.
The 17th-century perjurer Titus Oates in a pillory. The pillory is a device made of a wooden or metal framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and hands, used during the medieval and renaissance periods for punishment by public humiliation and often further physical abuse. [1] The pillory is related to the stocks. [2]
Some lock-ups also had stocks, ducking stools, pillories, or pinfolds, alongside them and the origins of the 18th-century village lock-up evolved from much earlier examples of holding cells and devices. The Oxford English Dictionary refers to a round-house as a place of detention for arrested persons and dates its first written usage to 1589.
King Edward I (1272-1307) created a law saying anyone caught using whiteners in bread would be put in the public pillory for one hour. Image credits: Festina_lente123
The pillory was a common punishment for low-level offences, with a pillory being erected at Cheapside, among other places. [115] The stocks were similar, but held a person's legs rather than their hands and face. [116] Public whippings took place for offences such as petty theft, sedition, or having an illegitimate child.
The shrew's fiddle was used in medieval Germany and Austria, where it was known as a Halsgeige, meaning "neck viola" [1] or "neck violin". [2] It was originally made out of two pieces of wood fitted with a hinge and a lock at the front. The shrew's fiddle had three holes: one was a large hole for the neck, and the other two were smaller holes ...
Cropping is the removal of a person's ears as an act of physical punishment. [1] It was performed along with the pillorying or immobilisation in the stocks, [2] [3] and sometimes alongside punishments such as branding or fines. [2] The punishment is described in Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. [4]
Drunkenness was first made a civil offence in England by the Ale Houses Act 1551, or "An Act for Keepers of Ale-houses to be bound by Recognisances". [nb 1] According to Ian Hornsey, the drunkard's cloak, sometimes called the "Newcastle cloak", [3] became a common method of punishing recidivists, [1] especially during the Commonwealth of England.