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Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism , myth ) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument . [ 3 ]
Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam, Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, 1964/1983; Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas about Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference, 1975; Imre Lakatos, Proofs and Refutations, 1976; Penelope Maddy, Realism in Mathematics, 1990
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to epistemology: Epistemology (aka theory of knowledge ) – branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge . [ 1 ] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864). [ 2 ]
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its own methods and assumptions.
The guides present and create literary and other works in pamphlet form or online. Detractors of the study guides claim they let students bypass reading the assigned literature. The company claims to promote the reading of the original work and does not view the study guides as a substitute for that reading. [1]
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) is a scholarly online encyclopedia with 880 articles about philosophy, philosophers, and related topics. [1] The IEP publishes only peer-reviewed and blind-refereed original papers. Contribution is generally by invitation, and contributors are recognized as leading international specialists within ...
Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. [1] The field of ethics, along with aesthetics , concern matters of value , and thus comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology .
A philosophy that claims that science is inferior to intuition, with art and the conquest of the aesthetic being the ultimate transcendence of the human condition. irrealism A philosophy combining the phenomenalism and physicalism in epistemology with the view that either could be used interchangeably as agents of free will and study of the ...
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