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Chain gang street sweepers, Washington, D. C. 1909 Female convicts in Dar es Salaam chained together by their necks, c. 1890–1927. A chain gang or road gang is a group of prisoners chained together to perform menial or physically challenging work as a form of punishment.
Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs: Social Theory and the History of Punishment in Nineteenth-Century America is a non-fiction book written by Mark Colvin. It was published by St. Martin's Press in 1997.
The term is a metaphor deriving from chain gangs, groups of people, usually prisoners or slaves, bound together with chains or other devices as they work or march.Like a real-life chain gang, the states joined in a chain gang, according to bound obligation, have no option to refuse to follow along with the intent of the others.
On June 15, 1961, the state government sent the first set of Freedom Riders from Hinds County Prison to Parchman; to make the protesters as uncomfortable as possible, they were put to work on chain gangs. The first group sent to the farm were 45 male Freedom Riders, 29 blacks and 16 whites. [17]
Michael Ochs Archives/GettyThe studio single version of “Chain Gang” was released July 26, 1960. It becomes Cooke’s biggest hit of a year that saw him push a lot of lushly orchestrated ...
Robert Elliott Burns (May 10, 1892 – June 5, 1955) was an American World War I veteran known for escaping from a Georgia chain gang and publishing the memoir, I Am a Fugitive from a Georgia Chain Gang!, exposing the cruelty and injustice of the chain gang system. [3]
This jail on wheels was one of several used in the early twentieth century for the housing and transport of prisoners on the chain gang. It was built around 1900. [3] In 1915, the State Board of Charities and Corrections reported that the chain gang was about 4 mi (6 km) from Seneca where the convicts were repairing the Oconee Station Road ...
The song became one of Cooke's most successful singles, peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and the Hot R&B Sides chart. [5] [6] Overseas, "Chain Gang" charted at number nine on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Cooke's first top-ten single there.