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  2. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_theorem_of...

    The requirement that the factors be prime is necessary: factorizations containing composite numbers may not be unique (for example, = =). This theorem is one of the main reasons why 1 is not considered a prime number : if 1 were prime, then factorization into primes would not be unique; for example, 2 = 2 ⋅ 1 = 2 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 ...

  3. Table of prime factors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_prime_factors

    Finding the prime factors is often harder than computing gcd and lcm using other algorithms which do not require known prime factorization. m is a divisor of n (also called m divides n, or n is divisible by m) if all prime factors of m have at least the same multiplicity in n.

  4. Integer factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_factorization

    Continuing this process until every factor is prime is called prime factorization; the result is always unique up to the order of the factors by the prime factorization theorem. To factorize a small integer n using mental or pen-and-paper arithmetic, the simplest method is trial division : checking if the number is divisible by prime numbers 2 ...

  5. Prime number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number

    The same prime factor may occur more than once; this example has two copies of the prime factor When a prime occurs multiple times, exponentiation can be used to group together multiple copies of the same prime number: for example, in the second way of writing the product above, 5 2 {\displaystyle 5^{2}} denotes the square or second power of 5 ...

  6. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    In this factorization, the rational number is called the content, and the primitive polynomial is the primitive part. The computation of this factorization may be done as follows: firstly, reduce all coefficients to a common denominator, for getting the quotient by an integer q of a polynomial with integer

  7. Prime number theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number_theorem

    The prime number theorem is obtained there in an equivalent form that the Cesàro sum of the values of the Liouville function is zero. The Liouville function is () where () is the number of prime factors, with multiplicity, of the integer .

  8. List of prime numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prime_numbers

    A prime number (or prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem , there are an infinite number of prime numbers. Subsets of the prime numbers may be generated with various formulas for primes .

  9. Generation of primes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_of_primes

    A prime sieve or prime number sieve is a fast type of algorithm for finding primes. There are many prime sieves. The simple sieve of Eratosthenes (250s BCE), the sieve of Sundaram (1934), the still faster but more complicated sieve of Atkin [1] (2003), sieve of Pritchard (1979), and various wheel sieves [2] are most common.