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English: Diagram of JJ Thomson's experiment with cathode rays. Cathode rays (blue) emitted by the cathode on the left were defelcted by an electric field (yellow) in the center. Cathode rays (blue) emitted by the cathode on the left were defelcted by an electric field (yellow) in the center.
Thomson's model marks the moment when the development of atomic theory passed from chemists to physicists. While atomic theory was widely accepted by chemists by the end of the 19th century, physicists remained skeptical because the atomic model lacked any properties which concerned their field, such as electric charge, magnetic moment, volume, or absolute mass.
The Thomson problem is a natural consequence of J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model in the absence of its uniform positive background charge. [ 12 ] "No fact discovered about the atom can be trivial, nor fail to accelerate the progress of physical science, for the greater part of natural philosophy is the outcome of the structure and mechanism ...
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Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906 for his discovery of the electron, the first subatomic particle to be found.
Thomson further explained that ions are atoms that have a surplus or shortage of electrons. [53] Thomson's model is popularly known as the plum pudding model, based on the idea that the electrons are distributed throughout the sphere of positive charge with the same density as raisins in a plum pudding. Neither Thomson nor his colleagues ever ...
[3] [4] In it, Thomson developed a mathematical treatment of the motions of William Thomson and Peter Tait's atoms. [5] When Thomson later discovered the electron (for which he received a Nobel Prize), he abandoned his "nebular atom" hypothesis based on the vortex atomic theory, in favour of his plum pudding model.
In seeking to explain atomic spectra, an entirely new mathematical model of matter was revealed. As far as atoms and their electron shells were concerned, not only did this yield a better overall description, i.e. the atomic orbital model, but it also provided a new theoretical basis for chemistry (quantum chemistry) and spectroscopy. [2]