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  2. Natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection

    Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of ... The social implications of the theory of evolution by natural selection also became the source ...

  3. Evolution as fact and theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_as_fact_and_theory

    In this way natural selection and common ancestry has been proven. [45] "The classical proof is the improvement of crops and livestock through artificial selection." [46] Natural selection and other evolutionary theories are also represented in various mathematical proofs, such as the Price equation. To remain consistent with the philosophy of ...

  4. Darwinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism

    Charles Darwin in 1868. Darwinism is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

  5. On the Origin of Species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species

    This made no sense under doctrines of independent creation of species, as even Richard Owen had admitted, but the "explanation is manifest on the theory of the natural selection of successive slight modifications" showing common descent. [169] He notes that animals of the same class often have extremely similar embryos. Darwin discusses ...

  6. Alternatives to Darwinian evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatives_to_Darwinian...

    Natural selection, with its emphasis on death and competition, did not appeal to some naturalists because they felt it immoral, leaving little room for teleology or the concept of progress (orthogenesis) in the development of life. Some who came to accept evolution, but disliked natural selection, raised religious objections.

  7. On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Tendency_of_Species...

    The article was the first announcement of the Darwin–Wallace theory of evolution by natural selection; and appeared in print on 20 August 1858. The presentation of the papers spurred Darwin to write a condensed "abstract" of his "big book", Natural Selection. This was published in November 1859 as On the Origin of Species.

  8. Evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

    Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]

  9. Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher's_fundamental...

    Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection is an idea about genetic variance [1] [2] in population genetics developed by the statistician and evolutionary biologist Ronald Fisher. The proper way of applying the abstract mathematics of the theorem to actual biology has been a matter of some debate, however, it is a true theorem.