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Ruthenium, a polyvalent hard white metal, is a member of the platinum group and is in group 8 of the periodic table: Whereas all other group 8 elements have two electrons in the outermost shell, in ruthenium, the outermost shell has only one electron (the final electron is in a lower shell).
A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements.The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behavior of the elements as their atomic number increases; a new row is started when chemical behavior begins to repeat, creating columns of elements with similar properties.
Sabatier reaction. The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process produces methane and water from a reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (optimally 300–400 °C) and pressures (perhaps 3 MPa [1]) in the presence of a nickel catalyst. It was discovered by the French chemists Paul Sabatier and Jean-Baptiste Senderens in 1897.
Since the work of Lehn and Ziessel, several catalysts have been paired with the Ru(bpy) 3 photosensitizer. [5] [6] When paired with methylviologen, cobalt, and nickel-based catalysts, carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas are observed as products. Paired with rhenium catalysts, carbon monoxide is observed as the major product, and with ruthenium ...
A selection of dye-sensitized solar cells. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC, DSC, DYSC[1] or Grätzel cell) is a low-cost solar cell belonging to the group of thin film solar cells. [2] It is based on a semiconductor formed between a photo-sensitized anode and an electrolyte, a photoelectrochemical system.
A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements.The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall ...
Naturally occurring ruthenium (44 Ru) is composed of seven stable isotopes (of which two may in the future be found radioactive). Additionally, 27 radioactive isotopes have been discovered. Of these radioisotopes, the most stable are 106 Ru, with a half-life of 373.59 days; 103 Ru, with a half-life of 39.26 days and 97 Ru, with a half-life of 2 ...
As with all Haber–Bosch catalysts, nitrogen dissociation is the rate-determining step for ruthenium-activated carbon catalysts. The active center for ruthenium is a so-called B5 site, a 5-fold coordinated position on the Ru(0001) surface where two ruthenium atoms form a step edge with three ruthenium atoms on the Ru(0001) surface. [65]