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In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system. A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene ...
A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. [1] The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is: C=C + X 2 → X−C−C−X. (X represents the halogens bromine or chlorine, and in this case, a solvent could be CH 2 ...
Halogenation. In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide -containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. [1] This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is ...
RXNO:0000021. The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts using copper salts as reagents or catalysts. [1][2][3][4] It is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The Sandmeyer reaction provides a method through which one can perform unique transformations on benzene ...
An example of the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction can be seen in the preparation of alanine from propionic acid.In the first step, a combination of bromine and phosphorus tribromide is used in the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction to prepare 2-bromopropionic acid, [3] which in the second step is converted to a racemic mixture of the amino acid product by ammonolysis.
The Wohl–Ziegler reaction[1][2] is a chemical reaction that involves the allylic or benzylic bromination of hydrocarbons using an N -bromosuccinimide and a radical initiator. [3] Best yields are achieved with N -bromosuccinimide in carbon tetrachloride solvent. Several reviews have been published. [4][5]
Intranasal drug delivery. Intranasal drug delivery occurs when particles are inhaled into the nasal cavity and transported directly into the nervous system. Though pharmaceuticals can be injected into the nose, some concerns include injuries, infection, and safe disposal. Studies demonstrate improved patient compliance with inhalation.
PDBsum. structure summary. The flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) protein family specializes in the oxidation of xeno-substrates in order to facilitate the excretion of these compounds from living organisms. [1] These enzymes can oxidize a wide array of heteroatoms, particularly soft nucleophiles, such as amines, sulfides, and phosphites.