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Pathophysiology of obesity is the study of disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with obesity. A number of possible pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified which may contribute in the development and maintenance of obesity. [1]
However, the proposed connection between a single gene and a single protein enzyme outlived the protein theory of gene structure. In a 1948 paper, Norman Horowitz named the concept the "one gene–one enzyme hypothesis". [2] Although influential, the one gene–one enzyme hypothesis was not unchallenged.
One study found that "higher work stress was associated with higher consumption of specific fatty foods among men but not women." [ 11 ] In another study done by Richardson and her colleagues, "a sample of low-income women with children, we found that perceived stress was directly and positively associated with severe obesity, independent of ...
This hypothesis has been put forward as a potential explanation of the obesity epidemic. [2] Empirical tests have provided some evidence to confirm the hypothesis [3] with one study suggesting that this could be a link between ultra-processed foods and the prevalence of obesity in the developed world. [4]
Set point theory does not on its own explain why body mass index for humans, measured as a proxy for fat, tends to change with increasing age or why obesity levels in a population vary depending on socioeconomic or environmental factors (or why weight tends to change for an individual when socioeconomic status and environment change).
Definitions differ, and may be along the lines of continual activation of the stress response, [43] stress that causes an allostatic shift in bodily functions, [5] or just as "prolonged stress". [44] For example, results of one study demonstrated that individuals who reported relationship conflict lasting one month or longer have a greater risk ...
One probable methodological explanation for the obesity paradox in regards to cardiovascular disease is collider stratification bias, which commonly emerges when one restricts or stratifies on a factor (the "collider") that is caused by both the exposure (or its descendants) of an unmeasured variable and the outcome (or its ancestors / risk ...
Otto Warburg postulated this change in metabolism is the fundamental cause of cancer, [8] a claim now known as the Warburg hypothesis. Today, mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are thought to be responsible for malignant transformation, and the Warburg effect is considered to be a result of these mutations rather than a cause. [9 ...