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Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and common household pesticide. It is a complex organic compound and the commercial product is sold as a mixture of isomers . Like most pyrethroids (MoA 3a), [ 1 ] it is highly toxic to fish and invertebrates , but it is far less toxic to humans. [ 2 ]
Dinotefuran is an insecticide of the neonicotinoid class developed by Mitsui Chemicals for control of insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leafhoppers, leafminers, sawflies, mole cricket, white grubs, lacebugs, billbugs, beetles, mealybugs, and cockroaches on leafy vegetables, in residential and commercial buildings, and for professional turf management. [2]
Poisoning can occur if pyrethroid containing flea treatment products, which are intended for dogs, are used on cats. The livers of cats detoxify pyrethroids via glucuronidation more poorly than dogs, which is the cause of this difference. [15] Aside from cats, pyrethroids are typically not toxic to mammals or birds. [16]
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center; Pyrethrins and pyrethroids on the EXTOXNET; Pyrethrin and Permethrin Toxicity in Dogs and Cats; Wagner, S. L. (2000). "Fatal asthma in a child after use of an animal shampoo containing pyrethrin". The Western Journal of Medicine. 173 (2): 86– 7. doi:10.1136/ewjm ...
Allethrin I (R = −CH 3) Allethrin II (R = −COOCH 3). The allethrins are a group of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides.They are classified as pyrethroids, i.e. synthetic versions of pyrethrin, a chemical with insecticidal properties found naturally in Chrysanthemum flowers.
Like other pyrethroids with an α-cyano group, fenpropathrin also belongs to the termed type II pyrethroids (e.g. cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and esfenvalerate). [7] Type II pyrethroids are a more potent toxicant than type I in depolarizing insect nerves. [8]
Effects were also observed in the liver (rats, mice, and dogs), heart (dogs), and thyroid gland (rats). Some effects were also seen in the kidney (mice and rats). However, neurotoxicity was the most sensitive endpoint in the toxicology database, and other effects were generally seen in the presence of neurotoxicity and/or at higher doses.
According to the German Patent bureau, the industrial synthesis of diazinon is as follows: β-isobutyrylaminocrotonic acid amine was cyclized with NaOR (R is either a hydrogen or aliphatic chain of 1 to 8 carbons) in a mixture of 0 to 100% by weight of water and an alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, above 90°C (but below the boiling point of the mixture used).