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The president of Germany (German: Reichspräsident, lit. 'president of the Reich') was the head of state under the Weimar Constitution, which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945, encompassing the periods of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.
He was also President of the Secret Cabinet Council and an SS-Obergruppenführer. Hans Nieland – First Leader of the Nazi Party/Foreign Organization; Police President (1933), Treasurer and Senator (1933–1938) in Hamburg; Oberbürgermeister of Dresden (1940–1945) and an SS-Brigadeführer.
The Reichswehr saw itself as a 'cadre army' or 'Leader army' (' Führerarmee '), which meant that every unit kept close ties to its former members and could hope to call on them in a time of need. [33] This was to become a basic prerequisite for the rapid growth of the army after the proclamation of military sovereignty by the Nazi regime in 1935.
The Weimar Constitution of August 1919 created the office of President of the Reich (German: Reichspräsident). Upon the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, the office was left vacant, with Adolf Hitler becoming head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler (retroactively approved by a referendum).
President of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs Hans Speidel (28 October 1897 – 28 November 1984) was a German military officer who successively served in the armies of the German Empire , Nazi Germany and West Germany .
The coat of arms of the Weimar Republic shown above is the version used after 1928, which replaced that shown in the "Flag and coat of arms" section. The flag of Nazi Germany shown above is the version introduced after the fall of the Weimar Republic in 1933 and used till 1935, when it was replaced by the swastika flag , similar, but not exactly the same as the flag of the Nazi Party that had ...
In the following months, the Nazi Party used a process termed Gleichschaltung (co-ordination) to rapidly bring all aspects of life under control of the party. [2] All civilian organisations, including agricultural groups, volunteer organisations, and sports clubs, had their leadership replaced with Nazi sympathisers or party members.
15 January: Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, leaders of the Communist Party of Germany, are murdered by Freikorps members in Berlin. [20] 19 January: Elections for the National Assembly that will draw up a new constitution for Germany take place. For the first time in a national German election women can vote. [21]