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A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement.
The presence of an articular disk also permits a more even distribution of forces between the articulating surfaces of bones, increases the stability of the joint, and aids in directing the flow of synovial fluid to areas of the articular cartilage that experience the most friction. The term "meniscus" has a very similar meaning. [1]
The glenoid fossa of the scapula or the glenoid cavity is a bone part of the shoulder.The word glenoid is pronounced / ˈ ɡ l iː n ɔɪ d / or / ˈ ɡ l ɛ n ɔɪ d / (both are common) and is from Greek: gléne, "socket", reflecting the shoulder joint's ball-and-socket form. [1]
The articular process or zygapophysis (Greek: ζυγόν, romanized: zugón, lit. ' yoke ' + apophysis ) of a vertebra is a projection of the vertebra that serves the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra.
It arises from the anterior surface of the lower part of the body of the femur, [2] deep to the vastus intermedius, [3] close to the knee and from the deep fibers of the vastus intermedius. [2] Its insertion is on the synovial membrane of the knee-joint. [2]
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. [5] [6] It is believed to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world, affecting 1 in 7 adults in the United States alone. [7]
The cortex of a bone is used to refer to its outer layers, and medulla used to refer to the inner surface of the bone. Red marrow , in which blood is formed is present in spongy bone as well as in the medullary cavity , while the fatty yellow marrow is present primarily in the medullary cavity.
In the mammal configuration, the quadrate and articular bones are much smaller and form part of the middle ear. Note that in mammals the lower jaw consists of only the dentary bone. The articular bone is part of the lower jaw of most vertebrates, including most jawed fish, amphibians, birds and various kinds of reptiles, as well as ancestral ...