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Hypovolemic shock is a form of shock caused by severe hypovolemia (insufficient blood volume or extracellular fluid in the body). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can be caused by severe dehydration or blood loss . [ 3 ] [ 2 ] Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency ; if left untreated, the insufficient blood flow can cause damage to organs , leading to ...
Shock is divided into four main types based on the underlying cause: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive shock. [2] Hypovolemic shock, also known as low volume shock, may be from bleeding, diarrhea, or vomiting. [1] Cardiogenic shock may be due to a heart attack or cardiac contusion. [1]
The 4 stages are sometimes known as the "Tennis" staging of hypovolemic shock, as the stages of blood loss (under 15% of volume, 15–30% of volume, 30–40% of volume and above 40% of volume) mimic the scores in a game of tennis: 15, 15–30, 30–40 and 40. [20] It is basically the same as used in classifying bleeding by blood loss. [citation ...
The first category is called hypovolemic shock. Hypo- means “low”, -vol- refers to “volume”, and -emia refers to the blood, so hypovolemic shock is shock induced by a low fluid volume of blood, and this could be either non-hemorrhagic or haemorrhagic.
Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina or anus, or through a puncture in the skin. Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination . [ 2 ]
In an adrenal crisis, hypotension occurs due to low cortisol and volume depletion. [9] Hypovolemia might be resistant to vasopressors and fluids if it is not identified. In secondary adrenal insufficiency, hyponatremia results from decreased kidney excretion of electrolyte-free water and the inability to suppress vasopressin . [ 5 ]
A common type of surgical shock is hypovolemic shock, which is often caused by blood loss. [1] [2] Other types of shock include cardiogenic, obstructive and distributive. [3] [4] Failure to identify and treat the underlying cause of shock in any setting may lead to irreversible multiple organ damage, organ failure, and death. [2] [4] [1]
Vasodilatory shock, vasogenic shock, or vasoplegic shock is a medical emergency belonging to shock along with cardiogenic shock, septic shock, allergen-induced shock and hypovolemic shock. When the blood vessels suddenly relax, it results in vasodilation .