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  2. Causative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causative

    All languages have ways to express causation but differ in the means. Most, if not all, languages have specific or lexical causative forms (such as English rise → raise, lie → lay, sit → set). Some languages also have morphological devices (such as inflection) that change verbs into their causative forms or change adjectives into verbs of ...

  3. Accusative and infinitive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_and_infinitive

    In English, the ACI construction occurs more so than other European languages, normally with verbs of wishing, saying and perceiving, as well as in causative clauses. Depending on the valency of the main verb in the sentence, English may use the infinitive with or without the infinitive marker to. I would like the President to be successful.

  4. Grammatical case - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_case

    Most English personal pronouns have five forms: the nominative case form, the oblique case form, a distinct reflexive or intensive form (such as myself, ourselves) which is based upon the possessive determiner form but is coreferential to a preceding instance of nominative or oblique, and the possessive case forms, which include both a ...

  5. Labile verb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labile_verb

    In general linguistics, a labile verb (or ergative verb) is a verb that undergoes causative alternation; that is, it can be used both transitively and intransitively, with the requirement that the direct object of its transitive use corresponds to the subject of its intransitive use, [1] as in "I ring the bell" and "The bell rings."

  6. Reciprocal construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_construction

    A reciprocal construction (abbreviated RECP) is a grammatical pattern in which each of the participants occupies both the role of agent and patient with respect to the other. An example is the English sentence John and Mary criticized each other: John criticized Mary, and Mary criticized John.

  7. Lexical semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_semantics

    English tends to favour labile alternations, [29] meaning that the same verb is used in the inchoative and causative forms. [28] This can be seen in the following example: broke is an intransitive inchoative verb in (3a) and a transitive causative verb in (3b).