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The percentage columns show the distance from the orbit compared to the semimajor axis. E.g. for the Moon, L 1 is 326 400 km from Earth's center, which is 84.9% of the Earth–Moon distance or 15.1% "in front of" (Earthwards from) the Moon; L 2 is located 448 900 km from Earth's center, which is 116.8% of the Earth–Moon distance or 16.8% ...
L 4 is the Sun–Earth Lagrange point located close to the Earth's orbit 60° ahead of Earth. Asteroid (706765) 2010 TK 7 is the first discovered tadpole orbit companion to Earth, orbiting L 4; like Earth, its mean distance to the Sun is about one astronomical unit.
On 3 January 2019, the Chang'e 4 spacecraft landed in the Von Kármán crater on the far side of the Moon, using the Queqiao relay satellite to communicate with the Earth. [8] [9] The James Webb Space Telescope entered a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L 2 point on 24 January 2022. [10] Euclid entered a similar orbit around this point in August ...
The orbits for two of the points, L 4 and L 5, are stable, but the halo orbits for L 1 through L 3 are stable only on the order of months. In addition to orbits around Lagrange points, the rich dynamics that arise from the gravitational pull of more than one mass yield interesting trajectories, also known as low energy transfers. [4]
Earth-Moon Lagrangian points: a spacecraft in an NRHO around the L2 Lagrange point would have a view of Earth unobstructed by the Moon. A halo orbit is a periodic, three-dimensional orbit associated with one of the L 1, L 2 and L 3 Lagrange points. Near-rectilinear means that some segments of the orbit have a greater curvature than those of an ...
Earth-Sun L 2 —approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth in the anti-sun direction—is another important Lagrange point, and the ESA Herschel space observatory operated there in a Lissajous orbit during 2009–2013, at which time it ran out of coolant for the space telescope. Small station-keeping orbital maneuvers were executed ...
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Although the Moon's Hill sphere extends to a radius of 60,000 km (37,000 mi), [6] the gravity of Earth intervenes enough to make lunar orbits unstable at a distance of 690 km (430 mi). [7] The Lagrange points of the Earth-Moon system can provide stable orbits in the lunar vicinity, such as halo orbits and distant retrograde orbits.