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International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) system [10] Grade Findings A No joint space narrowing, defined in this system as at least 4 mm joint space B At least 4 mm joint space, but small osteophytes, slight sclerosis, or femoral condyle flattening C 2–4 mm joint space D < 2 mm joint space
The Ottawa knee rules are a set of rules used to help physicians determine whether an x-ray of the knee is needed. [1] They state that an X-ray is required only in patients who have an acute knee injury with one or more of the following: Age 55 years or older; Tenderness at head of fibula; Isolated tenderness of patella
This complex is the major stabilizer of the medial knee. Injuries to the medial side of the knee are most commonly isolated to these ligaments. [1] [3] A thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the medial knee structures, along with a detailed history and physical exam, are imperative to diagnosing and treating these injuries.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to form images of the organs in the body.
Anterior meniscofemoral ligament is found in 11.8% of the subjects during MRI scan of the knee. [2] It may be confused for the posterior cruciate ligament during arthroscopy. In this situation, a tug on the ligament while observing for motion of the lateral meniscus can be used to tell the two apart. [citation needed]
The Ottawa knee rules count even a limping step as a step. Pittsburgh counts only a complete heel/toe plant as a step. This key difference likely accounts for the difference in specificity. The use of the Pittsburgh knee rules reduces the use of knee radiographs by 52%. [3]
One frame of an MRI scan of the head showing the eyes and brain A magnetic resonance imaging instrument ( MRI scanner ), or "nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) imaging" scanner as it was originally known, uses powerful magnets to polarize and excite hydrogen nuclei (i.e., single protons ) of water molecules in human tissue, producing a ...
Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee is the result of vascular arterial insufficiency to the medial femoral condyle of the knee resulting in necrosis and destruction of bone. It is often unilateral and can be associated with a meniscal tear .