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Damassine is a clear, fruit spirit, [1] distilled from the red damson plum, [2] produced exclusively in the Swiss Republic and Canton of Jura following appellation d'origine protégée (AOP) guidelines [3] that require specific sourcing and production practices.
But unlike common glasses, such as window glass, which are typically electrical insulators, amorphous metals have good electrical conductivity and can show metallic luster. Amorphous metals can be produced in several ways, including extremely rapid cooling , physical vapor deposition , solid-state reaction , ion irradiation , and mechanical ...
This produced blister steel. The blister steel was put in a crucible with wrought iron and melted, producing crucible steel. Up to 3 tons of (then expensive) coke was burnt for each ton of steel produced. When rolled into bars such steel was sold at £50 to £60 (approximately £3,390 to £4,070 in 2008) [11] a long ton.
Quartz sand (silica) is the main raw material in commercial glass production. Silicon dioxide (SiO 2) is a common fundamental constituent of glass. Fused quartz is a glass made from chemically pure silica. [68]
Broadly, modern glass container factories are three-part operations: the "batch house", the "hot end", and the "cold end". The batch house handles the raw materials; the hot end handles the manufacture proper—the forehearth, forming machines, and annealing ovens; and the cold end handles the product-inspection and packaging equipment.
Celtic smiths produced steel from circa 800 BC as part of the production of swords. [65] Evidence for the production of high-carbon steel is found in Britain after circa 490 BC, [66] and in central Europe in the pre-Roman period. [67] By the 1st century BC, Noric steel was famous for its quality and sought-after by the Roman military.
Corrosion – Steel, when in contact with water, can corrode, creating a potentially dangerous structure. Measures must be taken in structural steel construction to prevent any lifetime corrosion. The steel can be painted, providing water resistance. Also, the fire resistance material used to envelope steel is commonly water resistant. [11]
The origin of the name "Damascus Steel" is contentious. Islamic scholars al-Kindi (full name Abu Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi, circa 800 CE – 873 CE) and al-Biruni (full name Abu al-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, circa 973 CE – 1048 CE) both wrote about swords and steel made for swords, based on their surface appearance, geographical location of production or forging, or the name of the ...