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Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α 2A-adrenergic receptor agonist [12] medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (e.g., alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. [13] The drug is often prescribed off-label for tics.
Long-term use of ADHD medications can raise the risk of cardiovascular disease in both children and adults, according to a study published Wednesday in JAMA Psychiatry. Experts say that the ...
The drug began to be used for ADHD in the 1960s and steadily rose in use. [223] In 1975, pemoline (Cylert) was approved by the U.S. FDA for use in the treatment of ADHD. While an effective agent for managing the symptoms, the development of liver failure in 14 cases over the next 27 years would result in the manufacturer withdrawing this ...
A 2022 meta-analysis found no statistically significant association between ADHD medications and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across age groups, although the study suggests further investigation is warranted for patients with preexisting CVD as well as long-term medication use. [289]
Lisdexamfetamine, sold under the brand names Vyvanse and Elvanse among others, is a stimulant medication that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults and for moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults. [16] Lisdexamfetamine is taken by mouth. Its effects generally begin within two hours ...
Atomoxetine is sometimes used in the treatment of cognitive impairment and frontal lobe symptoms due to conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI). [44] [45] It is used to treat ADHD-like symptoms such as sustained attentional problems, disinhibition, [46] lack of arousal, fatigue, and depression, including symptoms from cognitive disengagement syndrome. [44]