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At the 2017 Census of Pakistan, as many as 350,000 people declared their first language to be Kashmiri. [23] [24] A process of language shift is observable among Kashmiri-speakers in Azad Kashmir according to linguist Tariq Rahman, as they gradually adopt local dialects such as Pahari-Pothwari, Hindko or move towards the lingua franca Urdu.
Kashmiri (English: / k æ ʃ ˈ m ɪər i / kash-MEER-ee) [10] or Koshur [11] (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced) [1] is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, [12] primarily in the Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that ...
Urdu is taught as a compulsory subject up to higher secondary school in both English and Urdu medium school systems, which has produced millions of second-language Urdu speakers among people whose native language is one of the other languages of Pakistan – which in turn has led to the absorption of vocabulary from various regional Pakistani ...
The Pathans originate from the regions of Eastern Afghanistan and Northwestern Pakistan, ethnolinguistically known as Pashtunistan. The exact numbers of the Pathan communities of Kashmir are not known. [1] [2] Many Pathans in Kashmir have adopted local culture and use the local language as their first language.
Pahari Pothwari is an Indo-Aryan language variety of the Lahnda group, [b] spoken in the northern half of Pothohar Plateau, in Punjab, Pakistan, as well as in the most of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir and in the western areas of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Kundal Shahi (کنڈل شاہی, Kunḍal Šāhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 700 people in the Kundal Shahi village of Neelam Valley in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. [2] It is an endangered language and its speakers are shifting to Hindko .
The Pahari people or Pahari-speaking people is a cover term for a number of heterogeneous communities inhabiting in the Indian province of Himachal Pradesh, Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, Pothohar Plateau, the Hindkowans of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and also some parts of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir who speak Pahari languages/dialects.
The term Dard is not recognized in any of the local languages, with the exception of Khowar, where it translates to 'way of the language' or 'dialect'. The broad application of this term have been criticised by many scholars. [5] The languages and peoples are often referred to as "Kohistani", mostly by the Pashtuns. [6]