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Rabies has a long history of association with dogs. The first written record of rabies is in the Codex of Eshnunna (c. 1930 BC), which dictates that the owner of a dog showing symptoms of rabies should take preventive measure against bites. If a person was bitten by a rabid dog and later died, the owner was fined heavily.
[119] [120] The most recent case of dog acquired human rabies was a woman who died on 28 May 2012 in London after being bitten by a dog in South Asia. [121] In 2018, a man died of rabies after contracting the virus from a cat in Morocco. [122] A rabies-like lyssavirus, called European bat lyssavirus 2, was identified in bats in 2003. [116]
Vaccination of dogs is the practice of animal vaccination applied to dogs. Programs in this field have contributed both to the health of dogs and to the public health . In countries where routine rabies vaccination of dogs is practiced, for example, rabies in humans is reduced to a very rare event.
Rabies is present in more than 150 countries and on all continents but Antarctica. [1] More than 3 billion people live in regions of the world where rabies occurs. [1] A number of countries, including Australia and Japan, as well as much of Western Europe, do not have rabies among dogs. [17] [18] Many Pacific islands do not have rabies at all. [18]
The Global Alliance for Rabies Control's work centers around the One Health Approach where vaccinating dogs (the source of up to 99% of rabies exposures to people [1]) stops the disease at its source and protects the whole community. Where the funding and political will exist, canine rabies has been eliminated.
The rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies. [11] There are several rabies vaccines available that are both safe and effective. [11] Vaccinations must be administered prior to rabies virus exposure or within the latent period after exposure to prevent the disease. [12]
In the past nucleic acid tests have mainly been used as a secondary test to confirm positive serological results. [3] However, as they become cheaper and more automated, they are increasingly becoming the primary tool for diagnostics and can also be use for monitoring of treatment of viral infected individuals t.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...