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Mannitol is used intravenously to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure until more definitive treatment can be applied, [16] e.g., after head trauma. While mannitol injection is the mainstay for treating high pressure in the skull after a bad brain injury, it is no better than hypertonic saline as a first-line treatment.
The enzyme mannitol-1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.22) catalyzes the reaction D -mannitol 1-phosphate + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D -mannitol + phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds.
Such agents can be used to reduce intracranial pressure and to promote prompt removal of renal toxins. The prototypical osmotic diuretic is mannitol. [5] Mannitol lowers the intra cranial pressure through two effects in the brain. The first, rheological effect, reduces blood viscosity, and promotes plasma expansion and cerebral oxygen delivery.
The root of both "mannose" and "mannitol" is manna, which the Bible describes as the food supplied to the Israelites during their journey in the region of Sinai.Several trees and shrubs can produce a substance called manna, such as the "manna tree" (Fraxinus ornus) from whose secretions mannitol was originally isolated.
In enzymology, a d-mannitol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.40) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction mannitol + O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } mannose + H 2 O 2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are mannitol and O 2 , whereas its two products are mannose and H 2 O 2 .
Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others. [ 1 ]
In enzymology, a mannitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.255) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-mannitol + NAD + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-mannose + NADH + H + Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol and NAD + , whereas its 3 products are D-mannose , NADH , and H + .
Mannitol is a medicine that is used to increase the amount of water removed from the blood and thus improve the blood flow to the kidneys. However, mannitol is contraindicated in anuria secondary to renal disease, severe dehydration, intracranial bleeding (except during craniotomy ), severe pulmonary congestion, or pulmonary edema .