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Discoloration of the front teeth is one of the most common reasons people seek dental care. [10] However, many people with teeth of normal shade ask for them to be whitened. [10] Management of tooth discoloration depends on the cause. Most discoloration is harmless and may or may not be of cosmetic concern to the individual.
Tooth whitening or tooth bleaching is the process of lightening the colour of human teeth. [1] Whitening is often desirable when teeth become yellowed over time for a number of reasons, and can be achieved by changing the intrinsic or extrinsic colour of the tooth enamel . [ 2 ]
Dental fluorosis is a common [2] disorder, characterized by hypocalcification of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. [3] [needs update] Dental fluorosis appears as a range of visual changes in enamel [4] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some
Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
Discoloured teeth - teeth may be amber, brown, blue or opalescent; Bulbous shape to the tooth crown due to cervical constriction; Tooth wear/Non-carious tooth surface loss (NCTSL) - due to the poorly mineralised dentine, the enamel of the tooth is unsupported and subsequently shears or chips off as it is subjected to biting forces. This exposes ...
The anoxygenic phototrophic iron oxidation was the first anaerobic metabolism to be described within the iron anaerobic oxidation metabolism. The photoferrotrophic bacteria use Fe 2+ as electron donor and the energy from light to assimilate CO 2 into biomass through the Calvin Benson-Bassam cycle (or rTCA cycle) in a neutrophilic environment (pH 5.5-7.2), producing Fe 3+ oxides as a waste ...
Later in 1889, the German doctor von Recklinghausen indicated that the liver contains iron, and due to bleeding being considered to be the cause, he called the pigment "Haemochromatosis." [ 5 ] In 1935, English doctor Sheldon's groundbreaking book titled, Haemochromatosis, reviewed 311 patient case reports and presented the idea that ...
The glucose produced from starch by salivary amylase is also digested by the bacteria. When enough acid is produced so that the pH goes below 5.5, the acid dissolves carbonated hydroxyapatite, the main component of tooth enamel. [7] The plaque can hold the acids in contact with the tooth for up to two hours, before it is neutralized by saliva.