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An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income). Income tax generally is computed as the product of a tax rate times the taxable income.
Income tax is imposed on individuals, corporations, estates, and trusts. [5] The definition of net taxable income for most sub-federal jurisdictions mostly follows the federal definition. [6] The rate of tax at the federal level is graduated; that is, the tax rates on higher amounts of income are higher than on lower amounts.
Federal income tax was first introduced under the Revenue Act of 1861 to help pay for the Civil War. It was renewed in later years and reformed in 1894 in the form of the Wilson-Gorman tariff. Legal challenges centered on whether the income tax then in force constituted a "direct tax". In the Springer v.
Wisconsin adopted a corporate and individual income tax in 1911, [152] and was the first to administer the tax with a state tax administration. The first federal income tax was adopted as part of the Revenue Act of 1861. [153] The tax lapsed after the American Civil War.
State income tax rates vary widely from state to state. States imposing an income tax on individuals tax all taxable income (as defined in the state) of residents. Such residents are allowed a credit for taxes paid to other states. Most states tax income of nonresidents earned within the state.
Direct taxation can apply on income or on wealth (property tax; estate tax or wealth tax). Here below a few examples of direct taxes existing in the United States (though not all of these meet the US constitutional definition of a direct tax, as stated below): [9] Income tax: it is the most important direct tax in many developed countries. It ...
There are currently seven tax rates: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. While those income tax rates didn’t change for 2024, the income thresholds have widened. That means, for example, that ...
As construed by the Supreme Court in the Brushaber case, the power of Congress to tax income derives from Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, of the original Constitution rather than from the Sixteenth Amendment; the latter simply eliminated the requirement that an income tax, to the extent that it is a direct tax, must be apportioned among the ...