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They also accumulate and store various essential material, both of which allows the akinete to serve as a survival structure for up to many years. [1] [4] However, akinetes are not resistant to heat. [1] Akinetes usually develop in strings with each cell differentiating after another and this occurs next to heterocysts if they are present. [1]
In low nitrogen environments, heterocyst differentiation is triggered by the transcriptional regulator NtcA. NtcA influences heterocyst differentiation by signaling proteins involved in the process of heterocyst differentiation. For instance, NtcA controls the expression of several genes including HetR which is crucial for heterocyst ...
Some of the earliest ideas and mathematical descriptions on how physical processes and constraints affect biological growth, and hence natural patterns such as the spirals of phyllotaxis, were written by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson in his 1917 book On Growth and Form [2] [3] [note 1] and Alan Turing in his The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis (1952). [6]
Microbial art, [1] agar art, [2] or germ art [3] is artwork created by culturing microorganisms in certain patterns. [4] The microbes used can be bacteria , yeast , fungi , or less commonly, protists .
Magnetotactic bacteria use a process known as biomineralization to exert an incredible degree of control on the formation of the mineral crystals within the magnetosomes. [7] [8] The process of biomineralization allows the MTB to control the shape and size along with the alignment of each individual magnetite crystal. These specific magnetite ...
The term Widmanstätten structure is also used on non-meteoritic material to indicate a structure with a geometrical pattern resulting from the formation of a new phase along certain crystallographic planes of the parent phase, such as the basketweave structure in some zirconium alloys. The Widmanstätten structures form due to the growth of ...
From ancient history to the modern day, the clitoris has been discredited, dismissed and deleted -- and women's pleasure has often been left out of the conversation entirely. Now, an underground art movement led by artist Sophia Wallace is emerging across the globe to challenge the lies, question the myths and rewrite the rules around sex and the female body.
Based on data: nodes (1–10) and stars representing common ancestors from Sánchez-Baracaldo et al., 2015, [47] timing of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), [211] the Lomagundi-Jatuli Excursion, [212] and Gunflint formation. [213] Green lines represent freshwater lineages and blue lines represent marine lineages are based on Bayesian inference ...