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They also accumulate and store various essential material, both of which allows the akinete to serve as a survival structure for up to many years. [1] [4] However, akinetes are not resistant to heat. [1] Akinetes usually develop in strings with each cell differentiating after another and this occurs next to heterocysts if they are present. [1]
In low nitrogen environments, heterocyst differentiation is triggered by the transcriptional regulator NtcA. NtcA influences heterocyst differentiation by signaling proteins involved in the process of heterocyst differentiation. For instance, NtcA controls the expression of several genes including HetR which is crucial for heterocyst ...
Magnetotactic bacteria use a process known as biomineralization to exert an incredible degree of control on the formation of the mineral crystals within the magnetosomes. [7] [8] The process of biomineralization allows the MTB to control the shape and size along with the alignment of each individual magnetite crystal. These specific magnetite ...
Some of the earliest ideas and mathematical descriptions on how physical processes and constraints affect biological growth, and hence natural patterns such as the spirals of phyllotaxis, were written by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson in his 1917 book On Growth and Form [2] [3] [note 1] and Alan Turing in his The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis (1952). [6]
This Process Path is a straight horizontal line from state one to state two on a P-V diagram. Figure 2. It is often valuable to calculate the work done in a process. The work done in a process is the area beneath the process path on a P-V diagram. Figure 2 If the process is isobaric, then the work done on the piston
The Ciechocinek Formation (also known as the Gryfice Formation at Suliszewo [3]), known in Germany as the Green Series/Grimmen Formation [4] (German: Grüne Serie) is a Jurassic (lower Toarcian) geologic formation that extends across the Baltic coast, from Grimmen, Germany, to Lithuania, with its major sequence in Poland and a few boreholes in Kaliningrad.
Based on data: nodes (1–10) and stars representing common ancestors from Sánchez-Baracaldo et al., 2015, [47] timing of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), [211] the Lomagundi-Jatuli Excursion, [212] and Gunflint formation. [213] Green lines represent freshwater lineages and blue lines represent marine lineages are based on Bayesian inference ...
The image was taken from a region of the crystal which is thicker than the inelastic mean free path (about 200 nanometres), so that diffuse scattering features (the Kikuchi lines) would be strong in comparison to coherent scattering features (diffraction spots). The fact that surviving diffraction spots appear as disks intersected by bright ...