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They also accumulate and store various essential material, both of which allows the akinete to serve as a survival structure for up to many years. [1] [4] However, akinetes are not resistant to heat. [1] Akinetes usually develop in strings with each cell differentiating after another and this occurs next to heterocysts if they are present. [1]
In low nitrogen environments, heterocyst differentiation is triggered by the transcriptional regulator NtcA. NtcA influences heterocyst differentiation by signaling proteins involved in the process of heterocyst differentiation. For instance, NtcA controls the expression of several genes including HetR which is crucial for heterocyst ...
Some of the earliest ideas and mathematical descriptions on how physical processes and constraints affect biological growth, and hence natural patterns such as the spirals of phyllotaxis, were written by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson in his 1917 book On Growth and Form [2] [3] [note 1] and Alan Turing in his The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis (1952). [6]
During this stage, the zygote divides in a process called cleavage. A blastocyst is then formed and implants in the uterus. Embryogenesis continues with the next stage of gastrulation, when the three germ layers of the embryo form in a process called histogenesis, and the processes of neurulation and organogenesis follow.
Lymphopoiesis can be viewed in a mathematical sense as a recursive process of cell division and also as a process of differentiation, measured by changes to the properties of cells. Given that lymphocytes arise from specific types of limited stem cells – which we can call P (for Progenitor) cells – such cells can divide in several ways.
Business credit cards: Business credit cards work similarly to a revolving business line of credit, replenishing the amount you can borrow as you pay it back. But if you pay off the credit card in ...
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Based on data: nodes (1–10) and stars representing common ancestors from Sánchez-Baracaldo et al., 2015, [47] timing of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), [211] the Lomagundi-Jatuli Excursion, [212] and Gunflint formation. [213] Green lines represent freshwater lineages and blue lines represent marine lineages are based on Bayesian inference ...