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  2. Geosynchronous orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit

    A geosynchronous orbit (sometimes abbreviated GSO) is an Earth-centered orbit with an orbital period that matches Earth's rotation on its axis, 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds (one sidereal day). The synchronization of rotation and orbital period means that, for an observer on Earth's surface, an object in geosynchronous orbit returns to ...

  3. Geostationary orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit

    A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit [a] (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 km (22,236 mi) in altitude above Earth's equator, 42,164 km (26,199 mi) in radius from Earth's center, and following the direction of Earth's rotation.

  4. List of orbits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_orbits

    Thus, a geostationary orbit is defined as a geosynchronous orbit at zero inclination. Geosynchronous (and geostationary) orbits have a semi-major axis of 42,164 km (26,199 mi). [10] This works out to an altitude of 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Both complete one full orbit of Earth per sidereal day (relative to the stars, not the Sun). High Earth ...

  5. Satellite ground track - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_ground_track

    A special case of the geosynchronous orbit, the geostationary orbit, has an eccentricity of zero (meaning the orbit is circular), and an inclination of zero in the Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed coordinate system (meaning the orbital plane is not tilted relative to the Earth's equator). The "ground track" in this case consists of a single point on ...

  6. Geostationary transfer orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit

    In case of using the Hohmann transfer orbit, only a few days are required to reach the geosynchronous orbit. By using low-thrust engines or electrical propulsion, months are required until the satellite reaches its final orbit. The orbital inclination of a GTO is the angle between the orbit plane and the Earth's equatorial plane.

  7. Tundra orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_orbit

    Tundra and Molniya orbits are used to provide high-latitude users with higher elevation angles than a geostationary orbit.This is desirable as broadcasting to these latitudes from a geostationary orbit (above the Earth's equator) requires considerable power due to the low elevation angles, and the extra distance and atmospheric attenuation that comes with it.

  8. List of satellites in geosynchronous orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_satellites_in...

    A satellite in a geostationary orbit appears stationary, always at the same point in the sky, to ground observers. Popularly or loosely, the term "geosynchronous" may be used to mean geostationary. [1] Specifically, geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) may be a synonym for geosynchronous equatorial orbit, [2] or geostationary Earth orbit. [3]

  9. Synchronous orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_orbit

    A synchronous orbit is an orbit in which an orbiting body (usually a satellite) has a period equal to the average rotational period of the body being orbited (usually a planet), and in the same direction of rotation as that body.