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The Ludwig-McGill HPV Cohort is one of the world's largest longitudinal studies of the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer risk. It was established in 1993 by Ludwig Cancer Research and McGill University in Montreal, Canada. [206]
The highest-risk types are HPV 16 and 18; these are responsible for the vast majority of HPV-related cancers, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and head and neck.
Infection with some types of HPV is the greatest risk factor for cervical cancer, followed by smoking. [41] HIV infection is also a risk factor. [ 41 ] Not all of the causes of cervical cancer are known, however, and several other contributing factors have been implicated.
The American Cancer Society currently recommends HPV testing as “part of cervical cancer screening.” It notes on its website that HPV testing “detects high-risk types of HPV that are more ...
Most cervical cancer cases are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Current guidelines for cervical cancer screening recommend HPV testing every 5 years ...
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
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