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  2. Fluid and crystallized intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_and_crystallized...

    Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve novel reasoning problems and is correlated with a number of important skills such as comprehension, problem-solving, and learning. [4] Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves the ability to deduce secondary relational abstractions by applying previously learned primary relational ...

  3. Abstraction (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(mathematics)

    For example, geometry has its origins in the calculation of distances and areas in the real world, and algebra started with methods of solving problems in arithmetic. Abstraction is an ongoing process in mathematics and the historical development of many mathematical topics exhibits a progression from the concrete to the abstract.

  4. List of abstractions (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abstractions...

    An abstraction representing a set of instructions that can be applied to input data to produce output. Central to procedural and functional programming; present in all programming paradigms. Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. Fundamental for algorithm design and analysis in various domains. Data type

  5. Computational complexity theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity...

    In computational complexity theory, a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved. In contrast, an instance of this problem is a rather concrete utterance, which can serve as the input for a decision problem. For example, consider the problem of primality testing. The instance is a number (e.g., 15) and the solution is "yes" if the ...

  6. Oracle machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_machine

    An oracle machine can perform all of the usual operations of a Turing machine, and can also query the oracle to obtain a solution to any instance of the computational problem for that oracle. For example, if the problem is a decision problem for a set A of natural numbers, the oracle machine supplies the oracle with a natural number, and the ...

  7. Metalinguistic abstraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalinguistic_abstraction

    In computer science, metalinguistic abstraction is the process of solving complex problems by creating a new language or vocabulary to better understand the problem space. . More generally, it also encompasses the ability or skill of a programmer to think outside of the pre-conceived notions of a specific language in order to exploratorily investigate a problem space in search of the kind of ...

  8. Mathematical model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_model

    One of the popular examples in computer science is the mathematical models of various machines, an example is the deterministic finite automaton (DFA) which is defined as an abstract mathematical concept, but due to the deterministic nature of a DFA, it is implementable in hardware and software for solving various specific problems. For example ...

  9. Automata theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automata_theory

    Automata theory is the study of abstract machines and automata, as well as the computational problems that can be solved using them. It is a theory in theoretical computer science with close connections to mathematical logic .