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Obstructive shock is one of the four types of shock, caused by a physical obstruction in the flow of blood. [1] Obstruction can occur at the level of the great vessels or the heart itself. [ 2 ] Causes include pulmonary embolism , cardiac tamponade , and tension pneumothorax . [ 3 ]
Obstructive shock is a form of shock associated with physical obstruction of the great vessels of the systemic or pulmonary circulation. [13] Several conditions can result in this form of shock. Cardiac tamponade , in which fluid in the pericardium prevents inflow of blood into the heart ( venous return ).
This is sometimes “sub” classified as obstructive shock, but you can see that the cause is still due to the heart’s inability to do its job, right? Similarly to hypovolemic shock, a reduction in cardiac output leads to lowered blood flow, so the skin gets cool and clammy and so cardiogenic shock is also considered a kind of cold shock.
This causes a type of circulatory shock, called obstructive shock. Tension pneumothorax tends to occur in clinical situations such as ventilation, resuscitation, trauma, or in people with lung disease. [15] It is a medical emergency and may require immediate treatment without further investigations (see Treatment section). [15] [16]
Symptoms typically include those of obstructive shock including shortness of breath, weakness, lightheadedness, and cough. [1] Other symptoms may relate to the underlying cause. [1] Common causes of cardiac tamponade include cancer, kidney failure, chest trauma, myocardial infarction, and pericarditis.
The poor outcome relates not only to abdominal compartment syndrome itself but also to concomitant injury and hemorrhagic shock. [15] The surgical decompression of the abdomen remains the treatment of choice of abdominal compartment syndrome; this usually improves the organ changes and is followed by one of the temporary abdominal closure ...
A common type of surgical shock is hypovolemic shock, which is often caused by blood loss. [1] [2] Other types of shock include cardiogenic, obstructive and distributive. [3] [4] Failure to identify and treat the underlying cause of shock in any setting may lead to irreversible multiple organ damage, organ failure, and death. [2] [4] [1]
Common signs of shock include weak pulses, altered mental status, bradycardia or tachycardia, low urine output, hypotension, and pale, cold skin. [6] Treating shock focuses on increasing blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues and organs before organs are permanently damaged. [4] This section will discuss the recognition and management of shock.