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A visual memory tool can replace the FOIL mnemonic for a pair of polynomials with any number of terms. Make a table with the terms of the first polynomial on the left edge and the terms of the second on the top edge, then fill in the table with products of multiplication. The table equivalent to the FOIL rule looks like this:
This polynomial is further reduced to = + + which is shown in blue and yields a zero of −5. The final root of the original polynomial may be found by either using the final zero as an initial guess for Newton's method, or by reducing () and solving the linear equation. As can be seen, the expected roots of −8, −5, −3, 2, 3, and 7 were ...
The formula for the difference of two squares can be used for factoring polynomials that contain the square of a first quantity minus the square of a second quantity. For example, the polynomial can be factored as follows:
The word polynomial joins two diverse roots: the Greek poly, meaning "many", and the Latin nomen, or "name". It was derived from the term binomial by replacing the Latin root bi-with the Greek poly-. That is, it means a sum of many terms (many monomials). The word polynomial was first used in the 17th century. [6]
All the above multiplication algorithms can also be expanded to multiply polynomials. Alternatively the Kronecker substitution technique may be used to convert the problem of multiplying polynomials into a single binary multiplication. [31] Long multiplication methods can be generalised to allow the multiplication of algebraic formulae:
An example of a ring that is not any of the above number systems is a polynomial ring (polynomials can be added and multiplied, but polynomials are not numbers in any usual sense). Division Often division, x y {\displaystyle {\frac {x}{y}}} , is the same as multiplication by an inverse, x ( 1 y ) {\displaystyle x\left({\frac {1}{y}}\right)} .