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Ecology overlaps with the closely related sciences of biogeography, evolutionary biology, genetics, ethology, and natural history. Ecology is a branch of biology, and is the study of abundance, biomass, and distribution of organisms in the context of the environment.
A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.
This glossary of ecology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts in ecology and related fields. For more specific definitions from other glossaries related to ecology, see Glossary of biology , Glossary of evolutionary biology , and Glossary of environmental science .
Ecology and evolutionary biology is a broad field of study that covers various ranges of ages and scales, which can also help us to comprehend human impacts on the global ecosystem and find measures to achieve more sustainable development.
Ecosystem ecology is the "study of the interactions between organisms and their environment as an integrated system". [ 2 ] : 458 The size of ecosystems can range up to ten orders of magnitude , from the surface layers of rocks to the surface of the planet.
Ecological facilitation or probiosis describes species interactions that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither. [1] Facilitations can be categorized as mutualisms, in which both species benefit, or commensalisms, in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
The first paradigm predominates in what may be called "classical" ecology. It assumes that niche space is largely saturated with individuals and species, leading to strong competition. Niches are restricted because "neighbouring" species, i.e., species with similar ecological characteristics such as similar habitats or food preferences, prevent ...
Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals , bedrock , soil , plants , and animals .