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Hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), also known as chronic hyperventilation syndrome (CHVS), dysfunctional breathing hyperventilation syndrome, cryptotetany, [1] [2] spasmophilia, [3] [4] [5] latent tetany, [4] [5] and central neuronal hyper excitability syndrome (NHS), [3] is a respiratory disorder, psychologically or physiologically based, involving breathing too deeply or too rapidly ...
Hyperventilation is irregular breathing that occurs when the rate or tidal volume of breathing eliminates more carbon dioxide than the body can produce. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This leads to hypocapnia , a reduced concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood.
[3] [4] This sign may also be observed as a symptom of hyperventilation syndrome as a result of hypocapnia-induced reduction of calcium levels in the blood. [5] To elicit the sign, a blood pressure cuff is placed around the arm and inflated to a pressure greater than the systolic blood pressure and held in place for 3 minutes.
Position of Hands in the Spasm of Tetany (1905) Tetany is characterized by contraction of distal muscles of the hands (carpal spasm with extension of interphalangeal joints and adduction and flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints) and feet (pedal spasm) and is associated with tingling around the mouth and distally in the limbs. [citation needed]
Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep and rapid breaths at a rate of at least 25 breaths per minute. Increasing irregularity of this respiratory rate generally is a sign that the patient will enter into coma. CNH is unrelated to other forms of hyperventilation, like Kussmaul's ...
The Chvostek sign (/ ˈ k v ɒ s t ɪ k /) is a clinical sign that someone may have a low blood calcium level (a decreased serum calcium, called hypocalcemia).The Chvostek sign is the abnormal twitching of muscles that are activated (innervated) by the facial nerve (also known as Cranial Nerve Seven, or CNVII). [1]
Self-induced hypocapnia through hyperventilation is the basis for the dangerous schoolyard fainting game. [ citation needed ] Deliberate hyperventilation has been used by underwater breath-hold divers for the purpose of extending dive time as it effectively reduces respiratory drive due to low CO 2 levels.
Carpopedal and generalized tetany (unrelieved and strong contractions of the hands, and in the large muscles of the rest of the body) are seen. Latent tetany Trousseau sign of latent tetany (eliciting carpal spasm by inflating the blood pressure cuff and maintaining the cuff pressure above systolic)