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Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. The sound localization mechanisms of the mammalian auditory system have been extensively studied. The auditory system uses several cues for sound source localization, including time difference and level difference (or ...
The frequency of a sound is defined as the number of repetitions of its waveform per second, and is measured in hertz; frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength (in a medium of uniform propagation velocity, such as sound in air). The wavelength of a sound is the distance between any two consecutive matching points on the waveform.
When localizing 3D sound in spatial domain, one could take into account that the incoming sound signal could be reflected, diffracted and scattered by the upper torso of the human which consists of shoulders, head and pinnae. Localization also depends on the direction of the sound source. [5]
Sound localization is the process of determining the location of a sound source. The brain utilizes subtle differences in loudness, tone and timing between the two ears to allow us to localize sound sources. [10] Localization can be described in terms of three-dimensional position: the azimuth or horizontal angle, the zenith or vertical angle ...
Tonotopy in the auditory system begins at the cochlea, the small snail-like structure in the inner ear that sends information about sound to the brain. Different regions of the basilar membrane in the organ of Corti , the sound-sensitive portion of the cochlea, vibrate at different sinusoidal frequencies due to variations in thickness and width ...
Sound localization is the ability to correctly identify the directional location of sounds, typically quantified in terms of azimuth (angle around the horizontal plane) and elevation (defined in various ways as an angle from the horizontal plane). The time, intensity, and spectral differences in the sounds arriving at the two ears are used in ...
The first computational map to be proposed was the Jeffress model (1948) which stated that the computation of sound localization was dependent upon timing differences of sensory input. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Since the introduction of the Jeffress model, more general guiding principles for relating brain maps to the properties of the computations they ...
The VAS technique involves two stages: estimating the transfer functions of the head from difference directions, and playing sounds through VAS filters with similar transfer functions. The ILDs, ITDs, and spectral cues make up what is known as the head-related transfer function (HRTF) which defines how the head and outer ears filter incoming sound.