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An unresolved root, especially one using the radical symbol, is sometimes referred to as a surd [2] or a radical. [3] Any expression containing a radical, whether it is a square root, a cube root, or a higher root, is called a radical expression , and if it contains no transcendental functions or transcendental numbers it is called an algebraic ...
The radical symbol refers to the principal value of the square root function called the principal square root, which is the positive one. The two square roots of a negative number are both imaginary numbers , and the square root symbol refers to the principal square root, the one with a positive imaginary part.
In number theory, the radical of a positive integer n is defined as the product of the distinct prime numbers dividing n. Each prime factor of n occurs exactly once as a factor of this product: r a d ( n ) = ∏ p ∣ n p prime p {\displaystyle \displaystyle \mathrm {rad} (n)=\prod _{\scriptstyle p\mid n \atop p{\text{ prime}}}p}
Radical expression involving roots, also known as an nth root; Radical symbol (√), used to indicate the square root and other roots; Radical of an algebraic group, a concept in algebraic group theory; Radical of an ideal, an important concept in abstract algebra; Radical of a ring, an ideal of "bad" elements of a ring
In the case of three real roots, the square root expression is an imaginary number; here any real root is expressed by defining the first cube root to be any specific complex cube root of the complex radicand, and by defining the second cube root to be the complex conjugate of the first one.
The radicand is the number or expression underneath the radical sign, in this case, 9. For non-negative x , the principal square root can also be written in exponent notation, as x 1 / 2 {\displaystyle x^{1/2}} .
In the following, the quantity + is the whole radicand, and thus has a vinculum over it: a b + 2 n . {\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{ab+2}}.} In 1637 Descartes was the first to unite the German radical sign √ with the vinculum to create the radical symbol in common use today.
The radical symbol is traditionally extended by a bar (called vinculum) over the radicand (this avoids the need for parentheses around the radicand). Other functions use parentheses around the input to avoid ambiguity.