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British foreign policy in the Middle East has involved multiple considerations, particularly over the last two and a half centuries. These included maintaining access to British India, blocking Russian or French threats to that access, protecting the Suez Canal, supporting the declining Ottoman Empire against Russian threats, guaranteeing an oil supply after 1900 from Middle East fields ...
Alliance intended to maintain British influence in the Near East. 1956: In the Suez Crisis Egypt nationalised the Suez Canal, a vital waterway carrying most of Europe's oil from the Middle East. Britain and France, in league with Israel, invaded to seize the canal and overthrow President Nasser.
The world noted Britain's fall from status in the Middle East and worldwide. Anglo-American cooperation fell to the lowest point since the 1890s. [124] [125] [126] However, the new prime minister Harold Macmillan (1957–1963) restored good terms with Eisenhower and President John F. Kennedy (1961–1963).
U.S. Marines on guard duty in April 2003 near a burning oil well in the Rumaila oil field of Basra, Iraq, following the 2003 U.S. invasion and during the Iraq War.. United States foreign policy in the Middle East has its roots in the early 19th-century Tripolitan War that occurred shortly after the 1776 establishment of the United States as an independent sovereign state, but became much more ...
Protecting British interests and trade in regions outside of Europe, including China, the Middle East, and Latin America. This involved military interventions, diplomatic pressure, and efforts to maintain open markets. Before 1900, a "splendid isolation" with no permanent alliances. After 1900, informal alliance with France in defence of France ...
It had a much larger population and a more powerful army, but a weaker navy. The British were generally successful in their many wars. The notable exception, the American War of Independence (1775–1783), saw Britain, without any major allies, defeated by the American colonials who had the support of France, the Netherlands and (indirectly) Spain.
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations; International relations 1648-1814; International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) International relations (1919–1939) International relations since 1989; Military history; United States foreign policy in the Middle East; Timelines. Timeline of British diplomatic history
Britain and the Middle East: From Earliest Times to 1963 (1964) popular history by a diplomat; Galbraith, John S. "British policy on railways in Persia, 1870–1900." Middle Eastern Studies 25.4 (1989): 480-505 covers "Reuter Concession"; online; Galbraith, John S. "Britain and American Railway Promoters in Late Nineteenth Century Persia."