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Disaster psychiatry is a field of psychiatry which focuses on responding to natural disasters, climate change, school shootings, large accidents, public health emergencies, and their associated community-wide disruptions and mental health implications. [1]
Climate-related disasters and exposures including drought, extreme temperature, floods, landslides, storms, and precipitation have various mental health outcomes, but PTSD is consistently the most commonly reported among low and middle-income countries. Across weather events, PTSD ranks highest among victims before depression and anxiety.
An additional aspect to consider is the detrimental impact climate change can have on green or blue natural spaces, which have been proven to have beneficial impact on mental health. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Impacts of anthropogenic climate change, such as freshwater pollution or deforestation , degrade these landscapes and reduce public access to them. [ 7 ]
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One year later, evacuees exhibiting serious mental health issues and being diagnosed with PTSD had increased to 14% and 20%, respectively, which was unusual compared to other natural disasters. [25] Residents of New Orleans with chronic mental health disorders were negatively affected by Hurricane Katrina as well.
Acute stress reaction refers to the development of transient emotional, somatic, cognitive, or behavioural symptoms as a result of exposure to an event or situation (either short- or long-lasting) of an extremely threatening or horrific nature (e.g., natural or human-made disasters, combat, serious accidents, sexual violence, assault).
Natural disasters and man-made hazards can cause severe psychological stress in victims surrounding the event. Emergency management often includes psychiatric emergency services designed to help victims cope with the situation. The impact of disasters can cause people to feel shocked, overwhelmed, immobilized, panic-stricken, or confused.
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