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Cam sành (Vietnamese: [kaːm ʂâjŋ̟]) [1] [2] or King orange (Citrus reticulata × sinensis) [1] is a citrus hybrid originating in Vietnam.. Cam sành is Vietnamese for "terracotta orange", although the fruit is more akin to a mandarin or tangerine.
In Vietnamese, the plant is called cây sấu and is a common urban tree in Hanoi; the fruit is called quả sấu. The fruit is used in Vietnamese cuisine both as a souring agent and a candied treat similar to the Japanese umeboshi. The treat is popular among youths. In Chinese, the fruit is called 仁面.
The fragile fruit must ripen on the tree, then they are harvested over a four- to seven-week period. The fresh fruit are easily bruised and have a limited shelf life. An average tree may produce 5,000–6,000 or more fruit (60–70 kg or 130–155 lb per tree). [4]
Affected trees are more vulnerable to common tree pests and algae, and often bear low-quality fruit unworthy of yield. [16] Algal spot is another plant disease that can affect longan plants and trees. Common among tropical fruits, the disease mainly takes form as red-orange algae that can appear on a fruit-bearing tree's leaves or branches. [17]
A tall evergreen tree, it bears small fleshy sweet fruits. The outside of the fruit is a pink-red, rough-textured soft shell. Lychee seeds contain methylene cyclopropyl glycine which has caused hypoglycemia associated with outbreaks of encephalopathy in undernourished Indian and Vietnamese children who consumed lychee fruit. [6] [7]
The tree grows from 6 to 25 m (19.7 to 82.0 ft) tall. [5] The fruit of the mangosteen is sweet and tangy, juicy, somewhat fibrous, with fluid-filled vesicles (like the flesh of citrus fruits), with an inedible, deep reddish-purple colored rind when ripe.