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C3, C4, C5: Supply diaphragm (mostly C4) C5, C6: Move shoulder, raise arm ; flex elbow C6: externally rotate the arm C6, C7: Extend elbow and wrist (triceps and wrist extensors); pronate wrist C7, T1: Flex wrist; supply small muscles of the hand: T1–T6: Intercostals and trunk above the waist: T7–L1: Abdominal muscles L1–L4: Flex thigh
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. [1] A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis.
The Men's time trial C5 road cycling event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics took place on 4 September 2024, at Clichy-sous-Bois, Paris. 13 riders competed in the event. [ 1 ] The C5 classification is for cyclists described as follows:
C4 is a para-cycling classification. It includes people with lower limb impairments or issues with lower limb functionality. Disability groups covered by this classification include people with cerebral palsy, amputations and other lower limb impairments. The responsibility for this classification passed from the IPC to the UCI in September 2006.
These changes are more pronounced as time progresses after injury, and are evidenced by end plate osteophytosis, disc damage, disc narrowing, desiccation and disc bulging. “A retrolisthesis hyperloads at least one disc and puts shearing forces on the anterior longitudinal ligament, the annular rings, nucleus pulposus , cartilage end plates ...
Cycling appeared for the first time at the 1988 Summer Paralympics. [1] At the 1992 Summer Paralympics , cerebral palsy, amputee and wheelchair disability types were eligible to participate, with classification being run through multiple federations and the International Paralympic Committee, with classification being done based on disability ...
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The men's time trial class C5 road cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 31 August 2021 at Fuji Speedway, Japan. 15 riders from 13 nations competed in this event. [ 1 ] The C5 classification is for cyclists with mild monoplegic spasticity; unilateral arm amputation (above or below elbow), etcetera.