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This subtype of bipolar disorder involves episodes of depression and episodes of elevated mood that don’t meet the full criteria for mania. These are known as hypomanic episodes (hypo means ...
Mania is a syndrome with multiple causes. [6] Although the vast majority of cases occur in the context of bipolar disorder, it is a key component of other psychiatric disorders (such as schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type) and may also occur secondary to various general medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis; certain medications may perpetuate a manic state, for example prednisone ...
Lithium levels should be above 0.6 mEq/L to reduce both manic and depressive episodes in patients. [15] A recent review concludes that the standard lithium serum level should be 0.60–0.80 mmol/L with optional reduction to 0.40 0.60 mmol/L in case of good response but poor tolerance or an increase to 0.80 1.00 mmol/L in case of insufficient ...
Overall functioning may actually increase during episodes of hypomania and is thought to serve as a defense mechanism against depression by some. [42] Hypomanic episodes rarely progress to full-blown manic episodes. [42] Some people who experience hypomania show increased creativity, [35] [43] while others are irritable or demonstrate poor ...
Otherwise, one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder (BP-I). [ 2 ] Hypomania is a sustained state of elevated or irritable mood that is less severe than mania yet may still significantly affect the quality of life and result in permanent consequences including reckless spending, damaged relationships and poor judgment.
Symptoms of manic and hypomanic episodes are similar between bipolar I and bipolar II, just different in degree of intensity. [48] Mood swings in Premenstrual symptoms (PMS): Episodically at mild to severe degree in the menses period, occur gradually or rapidly, [49] start 7 days before and decrease at the onset of menses. [50]
Substance-induced mood disorders can have features of a manic, hypomanic, mixed, or depressive episode. Most substances can induce a variety of mood disorders. For example, stimulants such as amphetamine , methamphetamine , and cocaine can cause manic, hypomanic, mixed, and depressive episodes.
A decreased need for sleep is a symptom of both a manic episode and a hypomanic episode [5] in bipolar disorder. Sleep disturbances are often a prodrome for the onset of a manic, hypomanic or depressive episode.