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In diagnosing manic episodes, it is important to compare the changes in mood and behavior to the child's normal mood and behaviors at baseline instead of to other children or adults. [6] For example, grandiosity (i.e., unrealistic overestimation of one's intelligence, talent, or abilities) is normal at varying degrees during childhood and ...
It involves episodes of mania (extreme highs) and depression (intense lows). ... But like most other mental disorders, several things might increase a person’s risk of developing the illness ...
Lithium levels should be above 0.6 mEq/L to reduce both manic and depressive episodes in patients. [15] A recent review concludes that the standard lithium serum level should be 0.60–0.80 mmol/L with optional reduction to 0.40 0.60 mmol/L in case of good response but poor tolerance or an increase to 0.80 1.00 mmol/L in case of insufficient ...
Overall functioning may actually increase during episodes of hypomania and is thought to serve as a defense mechanism against depression by some. [42] Hypomanic episodes rarely progress to full-blown manic episodes. [42] Some people who experience hypomania show increased creativity, [35] [43] while others are irritable or demonstrate poor ...
Mania is a syndrome with multiple causes. [6] Although the vast majority of cases occur in the context of bipolar disorder, it is a key component of other psychiatric disorders (such as schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type) and may also occur secondary to various general medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis; certain medications may perpetuate a manic state, for example prednisone ...
The role of parents in a child's development is acknowledged by attachment theory, which argues that the characteristics of the caregiver-child relationship impact future relationships. Current research indicates that parent-child relationships characterized by less affection and greater hostility may result in children developing emotional ...
Sleep disturbances are often a prodrome for the onset of a manic, hypomanic or depressive episode. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Current research on circadian and sleep-wake processes shows that they play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of bipolar disorder. [ 8 ]
Otherwise, one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder (BP-I). [ 2 ] Hypomania is a sustained state of elevated or irritable mood that is less severe than mania yet may still significantly affect the quality of life and result in permanent consequences including reckless spending, damaged relationships and poor judgment.