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Cutwork or cut work, also known as punto tagliato in Italian, is a needlework technique in which portions of a textile, typically cotton or linen, [1] are cut away and the resulting "hole" is reinforced and filled with embroidery or needle lace.
Reticella was originally a form of cutwork in which threads were pulled from linen fabric to make a "grid" on which the pattern was stitched, primarily using buttonhole stitch. Later reticella used a grid made of thread rather than a fabric ground.
Broderie anglaise (French, "English embroidery", pronounced [bʁɔdʁi ɑ̃ɡlɛz]) is a whitework needlework technique incorporating features of embroidery, cutwork and needle lace that became associated with England, due to its popularity there in the 19th century.
Drawn thread embroidery is a very early form of open work embroidery, and is the basis of lace.Drawn thread work from the 12th century was known as Opus Tiratum and Punto Tirato [1] from the Arab Tiraz workshops in Palermo.
Cutwork, or whitework, is lace constructed by removing threads from a woven background, and the remaining threads wrapped or filled with embroidery. Knitted lace includes Shetland lace , such as the "wedding ring shawl", a lace shawl so fine that it can be pulled through a wedding ring.
In drawn thread work and cutwork, the foundation fabric is deformed or cut away to create holes that are then embellished with embroidery, often with thread in the same color as the foundation fabric.
Very small pin-tuck pleats, cutwork, satin stitch, and floral forms are typical features of whitework embroidery, which, de la Haye describes as “simultaneously decorative and plain”, particularly as the threads used in this technique match the colour of the cloth used. [3]
Cutwork and drawn work were developed to add interest to white on white embroidery, and the methods used in these techniques led to needle lace. [1]: 56–57 A second expert puts the development of needle lace in the following century, the 16th, in Italy, also stemming from embroidery, the openwork on linen technique called reticella. [2]