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Hot gas mantles. The lowest visible mantle has partially broken, reducing its light output An 85 mm Chance Brothers Incandescent Petroleum Vapour Installation. The mantle is a roughly pear-shaped fabric bag, made from silk, ramie-based artificial silk, or rayon. The fibers are impregnated with metallic salts; when the mantle is first heated in ...
A Clamond basket is a kind of gas mantle, invented in the 1880s by the Parisian Charles Clamond, [1] and which he later patented in the United States. [2] It was the first economically practical gas mantle, since prior mantles had involved expensive materials like platinum and iridium.
The light is produced either directly by the flame, generally by using special mixes (typically propane or butane) of illuminating gas to increase brightness, or indirectly with other components such as the gas mantle or the limelight, with the gas primarily functioning to heat the mantle or the lime to incandescence. [1]
An early version of the gas mantle lamp, kerosene was vaporized by a secondary burner, which pressurized the kerosene tank that supplied the central draught. Like all gas mantle lamps, the only purpose of the burner is to hold the flame that heats the mantle, which is 4-5 times as bright as the wick itself.
This led to a series of lamps that were originally made to burn kerosene or gasoline. Current models use kerosene, gasoline, Coleman fuel or propane and use one or two mantles to produce an intense white light. Over the years more than 50 million of the lanterns have been sold throughout the world. [2]
In 1919, San Francisco introduced tungsten bulbs on Van Ness Avenue, between Vallejo and Market Street, replacing gas mantles and arc lamps. [1] The city used two 250-candlepower tungsten lamps per column, on sixteen columns for every block. [1]
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