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Type I atrial flutter, counterclockwise rotation with 3:1 and 4:1 AV nodal block. Atrial flutter with a two to one block. Note the P waves hiding in the T waves in leads V1 and V2. Type I atrial flutter, also known as common atrial flutter or typical atrial flutter, has an atrial rate of 240 to 340 beats/minute.
Eventually, this will reach refractory conduction tissue and stop. The subsequent beat — if early enough — will find the right bundle still refractory and the process will repeat yielding a continued RBBB morphology. Another variation on this concept is seen in atrial flutter. As a result of the rapid atrial rate, some of the atrial ...
Some atrial tachycardias, rather than being a result of increased automaticity may be a result of a micro-reentrant circuit (defined by some as less than 2 cm in longest diameter to distinguish it from macro-reentrant atrial flutter). Still other atrial tachycardias may be due to triggered activity caused by after-depolarizations. [19]
Alternatively, an electrical cardioversion can be performed to stop the episode of flutter. These essentially depolarize all the atrial tissue at once and let the sinus node take control again. Finally, depending on the type of flutter—type 1 vs type 2, patients might be good candidates for a radiofrequency catheter ablation.
Electrocardiographic features include: [2] Atrial rate: 100 to 250 BPM; Ventricular conduction can be variable Irregular or irregularly irregular in the setting of variable AV block; Regular if 1 to 1, 2 to 1, or 4 to 1 AV block; P wave morphology Unifocal, but similar in morphology to each other; Might be inverted; Differs from normal sinus P wave
Second-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart.It is a conduction block between the atria and ventricles.The presence of second-degree AV block is diagnosed when one or more (but not all) of the atrial impulses fail to conduct to the ventricles due to impaired conduction.
Location of the pacemaker can also change its effect on the SA node and its rhythm. An ectopic pacemaker located in the atria is known as an atrial pacemaker and can cause the atrial contraction to be faster. [10] An ectopic pacemaker situated near the AV node and the septum is known as a junctional pacemaker. [11]
The cardiac myocyte has two general types of action potentials: conduction system and working myocardium. The action potential is divided into 5 phases and shown in the diagram. The sharp rise in voltage ("0") corresponds to the influx of sodium ions, whereas the two decays ("1" and "3", respectively) correspond to the sodium-channel ...