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  2. Diabetic ketoacidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_ketoacidosis

    Diabetic ketoacidosis may be diagnosed when the combination of hyperglycemia (high blood sugars), ketones in the blood or on urinalysis and acidosis are demonstrated. [6] In about 10% of cases the blood sugar is not significantly elevated ("euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis"). [3] A pH measurement is performed to detect acidosis.

  3. High anion gap metabolic acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_anion_gap_metabolic...

    The anion gap can be increased due to relatively low levels of cations other than sodium and potassium (e.g. calcium or magnesium). An anion gap is usually considered to be high if it is over 12 mEq/L. High anion gap metabolic acidosis is typically caused by acid produced by the body.

  4. Anion gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_gap

    Methods used to determine the concentrations of some of the ions used to calculate the anion gap may be susceptible to very specific errors. For example, if the blood sample is not processed immediately after it is collected, continued cellular metabolism by leukocytes (also known as white blood cells) may result in an increase in the HCO −

  5. Base excess - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_excess

    While carbon dioxide defines the respiratory component of acid–base balance, base excess defines the metabolic component. Accordingly, measurement of base excess is defined, under a standardized pressure of carbon dioxide, by titrating back to a standardized blood pH of 7.40. The predominant base contributing to base excess is bicarbonate ...

  6. Kussmaul breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kussmaul_breathing

    Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure. It is a form of hyperventilation , which is any breathing pattern that reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration.

  7. Complications of diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes

    Preventing DKA is attainable by following some precautions. [16] While feeling unwell, Start with regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. In addition to measuring blood or urine ketone concentrations twice a day and more. In case there are ketones, insulin doses should be increased.

  8. Respiratory acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_acidosis

    Acute respiratory acidosis occurs when an abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. This failure in ventilation may be caused by depression of the central respiratory center by cerebral disease or drugs, inability to ventilate adequately due to neuromuscular disease (e.g., myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, muscular dystrophy), or airway obstruction ...

  9. Davenport diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davenport_diagram

    Recall that the relationship represented in a Davenport diagram is a relationship between three variables: P CO 2, bicarbonate concentration and pH.Thus, Fig. 7 can be thought of as a topographical map—that is, a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface—where each isopleth indicates a different partial pressure or “altitude.”