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Hydrogen in an electrical discharge tube. Hydrogen is a colourless, odourless, and comparatively unreactive diatomic gas with a density of 8.988 × 10 −5 g/cm 3 and is about 14 times lighter than air. It condenses to a colourless liquid −252.879 °C and freezes into an ice- or snow-like solid at −259.16 °C.
Instead, due to hydrogen bonding, water is "stable, potable, odorless, benign, and... indispensable to life". [161] Less well-known of the oxides of hydrogen is the trioxide, H 2 O 3. Berthelot proposed the existence of this oxide in 1880 but his suggestion was soon forgotten as there was no way of testing it using the technology of the time. [162]
Nine of the 23 nonmetallic elements are gases, or form compounds that are gases, and are extracted from natural gas or liquid air. These elements include hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, sulfur, argon, krypton, and xenon. For example, nitrogen and oxygen are extracted from air through fractional distillation of liquid air.
Tellurium reacts with boiling water, or when freshly precipitated even at 50 °C, to give the dioxide and hydrogen: Te + 2 H 2 O → TeO 2 + 2 H 2. [381] It reacts (to varying degrees) with nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids to give compounds such as the sulfoxide TeSO 3 or tellurous acid H 2 TeO 3 , [ 382 ] the basic nitrate (Te 2 O 4 H ...
The alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) are the most reactive metals in the periodic table - they all react vigorously or even explosively with cold water, resulting in the displacement of hydrogen. The Group 1 metal (M) is oxidised to its metal ions, and water is reduced to hydrogen gas (H 2) and hydroxide ion (OH −), giving a general ...
The hydrogen atoms occupy interstitial sites in palladium hydride. The H–H bond in H 2 is cleaved. The ratio in which H is absorbed on Pd is defined by = [] [].When Pd is brought into a H 2 environment with a pressure of 1 atm, the resulting concentration of H reaches x ≈ 0.7.
This line has been called the amphoteric line, [2] the metal-nonmetal line, [3] the metalloid line, [4] [5] the semimetal line, [6] or the staircase. [2] [n 1] While it has also been called the Zintl border [8] or the Zintl line [9] [10] these terms instead refer to a vertical line sometimes drawn between groups 13 and 14.
Krypton atoms chemically bound to other nonmetals (hydrogen, chlorine, carbon) as well as some late transition metals (copper, silver, gold) have also been observed, but only either at low temperatures in noble gas matrices, or in supersonic noble gas jets. [40]