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Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on.
The anatomical position, with terms of relative location noted. Anatomical terms used to describe location are based on a body positioned in what is called the standard anatomical position. This position is one in which a person is standing, feet apace, with palms forward and thumbs facing outwards. [11]
Terms are often derived from Latin and Greek, and like other areas of anatomy are generally standardised based on internationally accepted lexicons such as Terminologia Anatomica. To help with consistency, humans and other species are assumed when described to be in standard anatomical position , with the body standing erect and facing observer ...
The forebrain is not a superficial structure, but it is so intimately associated with superficial body structures that it turns along with the anterior head. These structures will later form the eyes, nostrils and mouth. [10] The body behind the head compensates the asymmetric body orientation in the opposite direction, by turning to the right.
The direction of terms are opposite to those in the foot because of embryological rotation of the limbs in opposite directions. [ 10 ] Palmarflexion is flexion of the wrist towards the palm and ventral side of forearm .
The standard anatomical position, or standard anatomical model, is the scientifically agreed upon reference position for anatomical location terms. Standard anatomical positions are used to standardise the position of appendages of animals with respect to the main body of the organism. In medical disciplines, all references to a location on or ...
Anatomical "lines", or "reference lines," are theoretical lines drawn through anatomical structures and are used to describe anatomical location. The following reference lines are identified in Terminologia Anatomica: Anterior median line; Lateral sternal line: A vertical line corresponding to the lateral margin of the sternum.
Venter (or ventrum): The lower (ventral) portion or surface of the body or abdomen; the adjective ventral may be applied to the lower portion or surface of any part of the body; see dorsum Vulva : The internal copulatory organs of a female spider, including the copulatory ducts , spermathecae , and fertilization ducts [ 33 ]